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Feb 10, 2019018332Four different methods and equations for calculating energy consumption possibly using oil flowmeters by consumers and emissions have been studied and compared, and the results are used to propose an original method that can be applied to all types of ships.
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Feb 10, 2019018332Four different methods and equations for calculating energy consumption possibly using oil flowmeters by consumers and emissions have been studied and compared, and the results are used to propose an original method that can be applied to all types of ships.
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The figure below compare the results of applying three different back calculation methods to estimate anthropogenic carbon in the Indian Ocean. Clearly, while there is some qualitative agreement between them, there are large quantitative differences as well. In fact, integrated inventories differ on average by 20 between the different methods.
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frequently been applied for comparing the effects of climate policies on different people at a single time, it is standard practice, in the form of discounting, for comparing the effects at different times 3.6.2. Climate policy intersects with other societal goals creating the …
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Different methods could also result in potential biases in estimates. To more completely assess uncertainties in our citylevel emission accounts, we used the Monte Carlo method recommended by IPCC and used by previous scholars widely . The term “uncertainty” in this study refers to the lower and upper bounds of a certain confidence ...
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The estimations of greenhouse gas GHG field emissions from fertilization and soil carbon changes are challenges associated with calculating the carbon footprint CFP of agricultural products. At the regional level, the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2006a Tier 1 approach, based on default emission factors, insufficiently accounts for emission variability resulting ...
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A quotdeltachangequot method PulidoVelazquez et al., 2011 has been applied to define future series by modifying the historical climate series in accordance with the cited anomalies in mean and standard deviation. A comparison between results for scenario A1B and RCP8.5 has been performed.
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This research paper addresses the environmental effects of two different types of batteries, lithiumion LiIo and nickelmetal hydride NiMH batteries, in terms of their chemical constituents. Life cycle impact analysis has been carried out by the CML, ReCiPe, EcoPoints 97, IPCC, and CED methods.
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Furthermore, a comparative study of different carbon footprint assessment standards was carried out to identify their similarities, differences and deficiencies. Goals, principles, research boundaries, calculation methods, data selection and other aspects of organizations footprint and product carbon footprint were analysed, respectively.
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An empirical method depends on the multivariables linear regression was established in this study, to estimate some soil chemical properties, and minimize the laboratory testing cost in Tushki area.
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Apr 16, 2016018332Ecosystembased adaptation i.e. the use of ecosystem services to adapt to climate change and its mainstreaming into municipal planning to foster sustainable transformation is receiving increasing interest from both academic and governmental bodies. However, little is known about the pathways for its systematic implementation, or the extent to which it is already mainstreamed in …
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There is currently a strong scientific consensus that the Earth is warming and that this warming is mainly caused by human activities. This consensus is supported by various studies of scientists opinions and by position statements of scientific organizations, many of which explicitly agree with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC synthesis reports.
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May 12, 2012018332The difference between initial and final live biomass carbon pools is used to calculate changes in carbon stocks due to land use conversion IPCC, 2006. The Tier 1 method is intended for national scale inventories in the absence of region specific data. This method requires no new data collection as it uses default data from the IPCC guidelines.
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The exposure term captures the type of climaterelated hazard presented and the degree to which the community is likely to be exposed. Sensitivity refers to the degree to which a system is likely to be affected by climaterelated events, and adaptive capacity refers to the ability of residents to adjust to changing threat levels to avoid or mitigate the consequences of climate change.
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Apr 28, 2016018332Figure 1. IAM scenarios from the IPCCAR5 that meet the G7 agreement for global emissions mitigation. The ranges of IAM emissions scenarios, including LULUCF emissions, that match the G7 vision for GHG in blue and for CO 2 in green are shown with RCP2.6 GHG red line and CO 2 yellow line emissions scenarios. The Elmau agreement is interpreted as a GHG emissions reduction …
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